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Mission Grey Daily Brief - February 24, 2025

Summary of the Global Situation for Businesses and Investors

As the third anniversary of Russia's invasion of Ukraine approaches, President Volodymyr Zelenskyy has offered to step down in exchange for NATO membership and lasting peace for his country. President Donald Trump has made concessions to Russia, including agreeing to normalise relations and excluding NATO membership for Ukraine. Meanwhile, Germany is facing a shift to the right in its federal election, with Elon Musk intervening in support of the far-right Alternative für Deutschland (AfD), sparking outrage and accusations of interference. In Gaza, Hamas has freed three more Israeli hostages, marking the final phase of the initial ceasefire agreement. Lastly, a suspected terrorist was arrested in France after killing one person and injuring five others in a knife rampage, prompting calls for stronger action against radicalisation and deportation failures.

Ukraine-Russia Conflict

The third anniversary of Russia's invasion of Ukraine is approaching, and the Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy has made a startling offer to step down in exchange for NATO membership and lasting peace for his country. This offer comes amid rapid changes in U.S. foreign policy under President Donald Trump, who has made several concessions to Russia, including agreeing to normalise relations and excluding NATO membership for Ukraine.

Zelenskyy's offer is a sign of the extreme pressure he is under as the US hurries to hatch a peace deal with Moscow. The Trump administration has made several concessions to Russia, including agreeing to normalise relations after bilateral talks in Saudi Arabia last week, while excluding NATO membership for Ukraine. Trump described Zelenskyy as a "dictator" and blamed Kyiv, rather than Moscow, for starting the war.

Russia launched its biggest drone strike against Ukraine on Sunday, firing 267 drones against multiple targets across the country. Ukrainian officials say Washington is also trying to strong-arm Zelenskyy into signing a deal that would award the US large amounts of the proceeds from extracting Ukrainian mineral deposits. Zelenskyy has pushed back against the Trump administration's demands, rejecting the idea of a minerals "partnership" with the US and arguing that it would not provide adequate security guarantees.

Zelenskyy has expressed fears that Trump pushing a quick resolution would result in lost territory for Ukraine and vulnerability to future Russian aggression. Preparations are underway for a face-to-face meeting between Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin, marking a clear departure from Western efforts to isolate Moscow over its war on Ukraine.

German Federal Election

Germany is facing a shift to the right in its federal election, with Elon Musk intervening in support of the far-right Alternative für Deutschland (AfD), sparking outrage and accusations of interference. Musk has repeatedly intervened in support of the AfD, including publishing a supportive guest opinion piece for the country's Welt am Sonntag newspaper and hosting a virtual encounter with AfD leader Alice Weidel.

Musk's open calls for German voters to back the AfD, which federal authorities classify as a suspected extremist party, have sparked outrage and accusations of troubling interference in Europe's top economy. Government spokesperson Christiane Hoffmann has confirmed that Musk is trying to influence the federal election.

Musk has often weighed in on German politics, even calling the chancellor, Olaf Scholz, a "fool" on his social media platform X. Last month, Musk made a supportive speech at a campaign event for the AfD in Halle, eastern Germany, telling attendees that Germany was too focused on past guilt and that the AfD was the best hope for the country.

Israel-Hamas Ceasefire

In Gaza, Hamas has freed three more Israeli hostages, marking the final phase of the initial ceasefire agreement. The six Israelis scheduled for release are Eliya Cohen, Omer Shem Tov, Omer Wenkert, Hisham Al-Sayed, Tal Shoham, and Averu Mengistu. Hamas handed over two Israeli hostages to the Red Cross, and three more Israeli hostages were escorted by masked, armed Hamas fighters and made to pose on a stage before hundreds of Palestinians in the central town of Nuseirat.

Israel is set to release 600 Palestinian prisoners who were detained from Gaza since October 7. Earlier in the day, the militant group finally handed over the body of Israeli hostage Shiri Bibas. Her family confirmed the identification, stating, "Last night, our Shiri was returned home." Initially, Hamas had claimed to have returned Bibas' remains alongside those of her two sons and another hostage on Thursday. However, forensic tests revealed that the body said to be hers was, in fact, that of an unidentified Palestinian woman.

Netanyahu strongly criticised the group, stating in a video message that "In an unspeakably cynical way, they did not return Shiri to her little children, the little angels, and they put the body of a Gazan woman in a coffin. We will act with determination to bring Shiri home along with all our hostages - both living and dead - and ensure that Hamas pays the full price for this cruel and vicious violation of the agreement."

France Terrorist Attack

A suspected terrorist was arrested in France after killing one person and injuring five others in a knife rampage, prompting calls for stronger action against radicalisation and deportation failures. The suspect was reportedly on France's Terrorist Radicalization Prevention Reporting File (FSPRT) and had previously been sentenced to six months in prison for posting a social media video calling for jihad, or "holy war".

French President Emmanuel Macron has since declared the incident "an Islamist terrorist act" and vowed to continue efforts "to eradicate terrorism on our soil." Far-right politicians were quick to slam the government's handling of radicalisation and deportation failures, calling for stronger action to control borders, strip jihadists of citizenship, expel radical imams, and sever ties with nations that support fundamentalists.

Saturday's horrific rampage follows a string of Islamist attacks in Europe, including a Syrian refugee in Berlin allegedly attempting to slit the throat of a Spanish tourist at the Holocaust Memorial and an Afghan asylum seeker ploughing his car into a crowd of demonstrators in Munich, killing a mother and her two-year-old daughter.


Further Reading:

German election live: voters head to polls amid fears over Ukraine security, Trump and rise of far right

Hamas frees 3 more Israeli hostages

Moment suspected ‘terrorist’ is arrested after killing one and injuring 5 in horror knife rampage in French town

Russia launches largest drone attack on Ukraine on eve of third year of war

Three More Israeli Hostages Freed By Hamas As Gaza Ceasefire Deal Advances

Trump-Putin summit preparations are underway, Russia says

Zelenskyy Says 'Ready To Step Down' As President In Exchange For NATO Membership For Ukraine

Zelenskyy offers to step down in exchange for peace and Nato membership

Zelenskyy offers to step down in exchange for peace and Ukraine’s Nato membership

Themes around the World:

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Won Volatility and Capital Flows

Won volatility persists amid overseas investment flows and risk sentiment; authorities issued US$3bn FX stabilization bonds and swap lines. BOK is expected to hold rates around 2.50% through 2026. FX hedging, pricing, and repatriation strategies remain critical.

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GX-ETS carbon pricing starts

Japan’s GX‑ETS begins April 2026, covering roughly 300–400 large emitters (≥100,000 tCO2 Scope 1). Allowance price band is ~¥1,700–¥4,300/t, with limited offsets. Compliance costs will affect manufacturing, auto, steel, procurement and export competitiveness.

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War-driven maritime and navigation hazards

The Black Sea operating environment remains high-risk: drone/mine threats, port strikes, and pervasive GNSS spoofing disrupt routing and safety. Attacks on tankers linked to Russian cargoes have expanded beyond the region. Shipping schedules, premiums, and contractual performance risks remain elevated.

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Defense-industrial expansion and offsets

Rising security pressures are accelerating defense spending and procurement, increasing opportunities but also export-control and security-review burdens. Firms supplying dual-use technologies face tighter screening, localization demands, and reputational exposure in sensitive regional markets.

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Data-centre boom strains power

Thailand is positioning as a regional data-centre hub: BOI approved seven projects worth over THB96bn, with 36 projects totaling THB728bn in 2025. Egat is investing THB31bn to expand EEC transmission capacity, making electricity access a key site-selection constraint.

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Finanzas aisladas y de-risking bancario

El aislamiento financiero (incluido el estigma AML/CFT y limitaciones de corresponsalía) restringe pagos transfronterizos, trade finance y cobertura. Aumenta el uso de intermediarios, trueque o cripto, elevando costos de cumplimiento, riesgo de fraude y demoras en liquidaciones.

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Oil policy drives macro volatility

Saudi-led OPEC+ decisions to adjust output amid regional conflict keep Brent highly sensitive to geopolitical headlines. Price swings affect fiscal space, payment cycles, and capex pacing, while energy-intensive industries and freight costs face renewed volatility across contracts and hedging strategies.

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Foreign procurement access loosening

Saudi Arabia reversed parts of the regional-headquarters procurement restriction, enabling foreign firms to win government contracts via controlled exemptions on Etimad. This improves near-term market access for specialized suppliers, but bid-acceptance conditions and compliance documentation remain stringent.

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Regulatory uncertainty, policy credibility

Even with improving macro indicators (primary surplus ~1.3% of GDP; current-account surplus), business planning is constrained by frequent policy adjustments tied to IMF benchmarks and coalition politics. Expect shifting tax measures, price controls and sectoral directives; robust scenario planning and stabilization clauses are critical.

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AI model governance and IP leakage

Accusations that Chinese AI labs mined frontier models via fake accounts highlight growing IP and cybersecurity risk in cross-border AI collaboration. Expect tighter access controls by US labs, more audits of data/model use, and heightened due diligence for partnerships and cloud usage.

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Rate, dollar, and funding volatility

Higher-for-longer rate risk and USD strength can tighten global financing, pressure EM demand, and alter hedging economics for importers and exporters. US credit conditions influence inventory financing, capex hurdles, and repatriation decisions, especially for leveraged supply-chain operators.

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Ports, air cargo, multimodal logistics

Major logistics capacity is coming online: Great Nicobar transshipment port (phase 1 by 2028; 4+ million TEU), FedEx’s ₹2,500‑crore Navi Mumbai air hub, and Gati Shakti rail cargo terminals. These can lower export lead times but add project, permitting, and integration risk.

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Freight logistics bottlenecks and reform

Transnet’s high debt and equipment failures keep rail volumes below targets, constraining bulk exports. However, reforms—private rail access, Durban pier concessions, and new terminals like Ngqura manganese—can improve throughput, reduce demurrage, and reshape supply-chain routing decisions.

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Rising legal and asset-confiscation risk

Russian responses to sanctions have included tighter controls and legal uncertainty for foreign-owned assets and exit transactions. International firms face elevated risk of forced administration, restricted dividend flows, contract non-enforcement, and difficulties repatriating capital—requiring robust ring-fencing and dispute planning.

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Expanded Russia sanctions enforcement

The UK announced its broadest Russia sanctions since 2022, targeting Transneft (moving >80% of Russia’s crude exports) plus 48 shadow-fleet tankers and 2Rivers-linked entities. Firms face heightened compliance, shipping/insurance constraints and secondary exposure risks in energy trade.

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Expropriation and legal unpredictability

State-driven confiscations and court actions are rising, with sharply higher confiscation rulings and high-profile asset seizures and redomiciliation pressure. Foreign and foreign-held structures face elevated forced-sale, governance and enforceability risks, making long-term investment protection unreliable.

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IMF-led stabilization and conditionality

IMF reviews unlocked about $2.3bn, citing improved macro stability from tight policy and exchange-rate flexibility, but warning reforms are uneven and divestment is slower. Program conditionality will shape fiscal, tax and SOE policy, affecting market access, payment risk, and investor confidence.

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Energy security and transition

Vietnam is revising national energy planning to support ≥10% GDP growth, projecting final energy demand of 120–130M toe by 2030. Tight power balances and grid buildout pace can disrupt factories, while renewables/LNG and possible nuclear plans create investment opportunities.

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Trade frictions and tariff exposure

Thai growth outlook remains sensitive to U.S. tariff changes and global trade volatility, with exports expected to soften after front-loaded shipments. Firms should stress-test pricing and sourcing, diversify markets, and monitor FTA negotiations and customs enforcement changes.

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Mega-logistics projects reshape routes

Major rail and logistics projects are advancing, including the Den Chai–Chiang Rai–Chiang Khong double-track line (53% complete; opening expected 2028) and the Thai–Chinese HSR phase 1 (51.74% complete). These will alter inland freight costs and distribution strategies.

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Shadow fleet logistics under scrutiny

Iran’s crude exports rely on AIS manipulation, reflagging, and ship‑to‑ship transfers via hubs such as Malaysia; recent India interdictions highlight rising enforcement spillover. Firms face higher freight/insurance costs, voyage delays, cargo provenance disputes, and elevated KYC/Know‑Your‑Cargo requirements.

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Energy exports pivot from Asia

Weak Asian LNG demand is pushing Australian sellers into longer-haul spot markets (first cargo to East Canada; shipments to Turkey/Chile). This reshapes shipping capacity, freight costs and contract structures, and may pressure upstream cashflows and new project FIDs.

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Energy import diversification to US

Pertamina menandatangani MoU pasokan light crude dan kontrak LPG 2026 dengan Hartree dan Phillips 66, total LPG sekitar 2,2 juta metrik ton. Bersama komitmen ART membeli energi AS, ini menggeser pola impor dari pemasok tradisional, berdampak pada harga, logistik, dan peluang trading/penyimpanan regional.

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BOJ tightening, yen volatility

Markets increasingly expect further Bank of Japan hikes (policy rate 0.75% after December) with forecasts near 1% by end-June and intervention risk around ¥160/$, driving FX volatility, funding costs, hedging needs, and repricing of Japan-based assets.

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US–Turkey sanctions reset prospects

Ankara says talks continue to lift US CAATSA sanctions tied to S‑400s, aiming before US midterms; this affects defense, aviation, dual‑use tech and financing channels. Any easing could unlock major procurement and co‑production, while failure sustains compliance and reputational risk.

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Arctic LNG logistics under attack

The explosion and sinking of an Arctic LNG 2-linked carrier highlights physical security risks to Russia’s LNG shadow fleet. Novatek’s Arctic LNG 2 is already constrained by limited ships, operating near 30% capacity; rerouting via Cape of Good Hope could add weeks and tighten tonnage.

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Tariff cost pass-through inflation risk

A New York Fed study finds roughly 90% of 2025 tariff costs were borne by U.S. firms and consumers, with the average tariff rate rising from 2.6% to ~13%. Higher landed costs can pressure demand, margins, and inventory strategies across import-dependent sectors.

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Fiscal stimulus and execution risk

A €500bn off‑budget infrastructure fund and sharply higher defence outlays are lifting factory orders, but delivery capacity and procurement bottlenecks may slow real-economy impact. For investors, timing risk affects construction, engineering, digital and public‑sector contracting pipelines.

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UK-EU SPS alignment reset

A new UK–EU sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) deal would align food safety, animal health and pesticide rules to cut border checks and paperwork for agri-food trade, improving perishables logistics, while constraining regulatory divergence and complicating some third-country trade strategies.

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Digital trade and data transfer rules

Kesepakatan transfer data lintas negara RI–AS dalam ART menegaskan aliran data dengan perlindungan UU PDP No.27/2022, larangan pemaksaan alih teknologi/kode sumber, serta komitmen moratorium bea transmisi elektronik. Ini mempengaruhi strategi cloud, penempatan data sensitif, audit kepatuhan, dan negosiasi vendor TI global.

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Rail Reliability and Logistics Disruptions

Deutsche Bahn punctuality and major corridor works are undermining predictable freight and business travel; only about 56% of long-distance trains meet on-time targets. Construction closures and delays raise inventory buffers, rerouting costs, and delivery-risk management needs.

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Gargalos portuários e competição

Portos bateram 1,4 bi t em 2025 (+6,1%), mas Santos enfrenta risco de colapso sem expansão; o Tecon Santos 10 segue com disputas regulatórias e risco de judicialização. Atrasos elevam demurrage, perdas logísticas e confiabilidade de exportação/importação de cargas conteinerizadas.

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Hormuz shock hits energy costs

Escalating Israel–Iran conflict and Hormuz disruption are pushing oil, LNG, freight, and war-risk insurance costs higher. Thailand has ~60–61 days of oil reserves, froze diesel below Bt30 briefly, and is sourcing US/West Africa crude—raising operating costs and inflation risk.

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Halal standards and import exemptions

Ahead of October 2026 ‘mandatory halal’ enforcement, ART provisions may exempt some US cosmetics, medical devices, and certain goods/packaging from halal certification or ease recognition via US certifiers. Domestic backlash signals ongoing uncertainty, potential WTO disputes, and compliance fragmentation for importers.

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Cross-border data and cybersecurity enforcement

China’s data governance regime is maturing through more enforcement cases and tightening operational requirements for cross-border transfers, security assessments, and audits. Multinationals face higher compliance costs, constraints on global cloud architectures, and elevated penalties and business-continuity risk for non-compliance.

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Ports, rail and labor disruption risk

Labor negotiations and periodic disruption risks at major ports and freight nodes threaten schedule reliability and inventory buffers. Companies reliant on just-in-time flows should diversify gateways, contract for surge capacity, and reassess nearshoring versus ocean/air modal mixes.