Mission Grey Daily Brief - November 25, 2024
Summary of the Global Situation for Businesses and Investors
The world is bracing itself for the return of Donald Trump to the White House, with threats of abortion bans, mass deportations, and uncertainty about the future of democracy. European leaders are concerned about the impact of Trump's policies on the continent, particularly his proposed tariffs on imports and withdrawal from the Paris Climate Agreement. Meanwhile, India and China are seeking to improve economic ties in the face of Trump's protectionist policies. In Russia, 500 North Korean troops were reportedly killed in a strike in the Kursk region, marking the first major casualty incident for the Korean People's Army while fighting Ukraine. Pakistan's government has blocked expressways, shut down cell phone and internet service, and placed shipping containers across major thoroughfares amid mass protests calling for the release of former Prime Minister Imran Khan. Two boats capsized off the coast of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean, resulting in the deaths of 24 people and the rescue of 42 others.
Trump's Return to the White House
The return of Donald Trump to the White House has raised concerns among European leaders and global observers. Trump's first term was marked by welfare cuts, tariffs, and controversial policies, including withdrawing from the Paris Climate Agreement. Trump's protectionist policies, such as imposing tariffs on imports, could strain Europe's economy, which is already struggling to compete with China and the United States. Additionally, Trump's approach to the conflict in Ukraine and potential withdrawal from NATO could leave Europe vulnerable to Russian aggression.
India-China Economic Ties
India and China are seeking to improve economic ties in the face of Trump's protectionist policies. China has recently become India's top trade partner, and easing border tensions could further strengthen economic cooperation. However, Trump's proposed tariffs on Chinese goods could impact India's economy, as India is a significant trading partner with China. India's businesses and investors should monitor the situation closely and consider diversifying their supply chains to mitigate potential risks.
North Korean Casualties in Russia
Ukrainian media reported that a strike on North Korean forces in the Kursk region of Russia killed at least 500 troops. This incident marks the first major casualty for the Korean People's Army while fighting Ukraine. The sheer number of deaths may pose challenges for Pyongyang to explain at home. This development could impact the dynamics of the conflict in Ukraine and shape the strategic considerations of various stakeholders. Businesses and investors should monitor the situation and evaluate the potential implications for their operations in the region.
Pakistan's Government Blocks Expressways
Pakistan's government has blocked expressways, shut down cell phone and internet service, and placed shipping containers across major thoroughfares amid mass protests calling for the release of former Prime Minister Imran Khan. Khan is facing 150 criminal charges and has been serving a three-year prison sentence since last year. The government's response to the protests could impact the stability of the country and create challenges for businesses and investors. It is crucial to monitor the situation closely and assess the potential risks to operations and investments in Pakistan.
Further Reading:
Daybreak Africa: Madagascar boat accident claims two dozen lives, 42 rescued - VOA Africa
Hope grows for India-China economic ties amid Trump’s tariff threats - This Week In Asia
Op-ed: Donald Trump: the United States’ president, the world’s headache - The Huntington News
Themes around the World:
Rail logistics reforms and PPPs
Freight rail and ports are opening cautiously to private operators, with Transnet conditionally allocating slots to 11 operators and targeting 250Mt by 2030. However, stalled legislation and unresolved third-party access tariffs keep exporters exposed to bottlenecks, demurrage, and modal shift costs.
IMF-backed macro stabilisation momentum
Egypt’s IMF program and policy shift toward a flexible exchange rate are strengthening confidence. Net international reserves hit a record $52.6bn (about 6.3 months of imports) while inflation eased near 12%. This supports import capacity, but policy discipline must hold.
Climate hazards raising operating costs
Wildfires, flooding and extreme weather are driving higher insurance premiums, physical supply disruptions and workforce impacts across Canada. Asset-heavy sectors should reassess site selection, business continuity planning, and climate-resilience capex, including backup power and logistics redundancy.
FX reserves and rupee stability
External buffers improved, with liquid reserves around $21.3bn and SBP reserves near $16.1bn after IMF inflows. Nevertheless, debt repayments and current-account pressures can quickly tighten import financing, raise hedging costs, and disrupt supplier payments and inventory planning.
Reopening travel, visa facilitation
Large rises in cross-border trips and wider visa-free/extended transit policies (including UK visa-free plans) improve commercial mobility and service trade. However, implementation details and reciprocity remain variable, requiring firms to plan for compliance, documentation, and policy reversals.
Reciprocal tariffs and dealmaking
The U.S. is using “reciprocal” tariffs and partner-specific deals to reshape market access. Recent U.S.–India terms set an 18% reciprocal rate, while U.S.–Taiwan caps most tariffs at 15%, shifting sourcing, pricing, and contract risk for exporters.
EU market access with green compliance
An India–EU FTA conclusion and stricter EU climate/traceability tools (e.g., CBAM-type reporting) increase both access and compliance burdens for exporters in steel, aluminum, chemicals and textiles. Firms should invest in emissions data, auditing, and supplier traceability.
Critical Minerals Supply Chain Security
Japan is urgently strengthening critical mineral supply chains through alliances with the UK and other partners, responding to China's export controls and global supply shocks. These efforts are vital for sustaining advanced manufacturing, energy, and defense sectors, directly impacting supply chain resilience and investment strategies.
Electronics PLI and ECMS surge
Budget 2026 expands electronics incentives, including a ₹40,000 crore electronics PLI outlay and ECMS scaling, with production reportedly up 146% since FY21 and ~$4bn FDI tied to beneficiaries. Multinationals gain from supplier localization, but disbursement pace and rules matter.
Currency collapse and inflation shock
The rial’s rapid depreciation and high inflation undermine pricing, working capital, and import affordability, driving ad hoc controls and payment delays. Businesses face FX convertibility risk, volatile local demand, and greater reliance on barter, intermediaries, and informal settlement channels.
EU Customs Union Modernization Stalemate
Turkey’s business community is pressing for the modernization of the EU-Turkey Customs Union, which is critical for trade and value chains. Delays and lack of progress risk Turkey’s competitiveness, especially as new EU FTAs and green regulations reshape market access and supply chains.
Foreign investment approvals and regulation drag
Multinational CEOs report slower, costlier approvals and heavier compliance. OECD ranks Australia highly restrictive for foreign investment screening; nearly half of applications exceeded statutory timelines, and fees have risen sharply. Deal certainty, transaction costs and time-to-market are increasingly material planning factors.
AI Basic Act compliance burden
Korea’s new AI framework requires labeling AI-generated content, user notification, and human oversight for high-impact uses (health, transport, finance). Foreign platforms with large Korean user bases may need local presence. Compliance costs and liability management will shape market entry and product design.
US–China tariff escalation risk
Persistent US tariff actions and Section 301 measures, plus partner-country spillovers (e.g., Canada EV quota deal drawing US threats), increase landed costs, compliance complexity, and transshipment scrutiny—raising uncertainty for exporters, importers, and North America–linked supply chains.
Tax enforcement, digitisation, disputes
IMF-mandated tax reforms expand enforcement, digital payments and FBR capability, while high taxes are cited in multinational exits. Contractual tax disputes (e.g., “super tax” in petroleum) add legal uncertainty, affecting project finance, arbitration risk, and long-term investment appetite.
Minerais críticos e competição geopolítica
EUA e UE intensificam acordos para grafite, níquel, nióbio e terras raras; a Serra Verde recebeu financiamento dos EUA de US$ 565 milhões. Oportunidades em mineração e refino convivem com exigências ESG, licenciamento e risco de dependência de compradores.
Red Sea security and shipping risk
Persistent Red Sea/Bab al-Mandab insecurity continues to reshape routes, insurance premia, and inventory buffers. Saudi ports signal readiness for major liner returns when conditions stabilise, but businesses should plan dual-routing, higher safety stock, and supplier diversification for regional flows.
Fiscalización digital y aduanas
El SAT intensifica auditorías basadas en CFDI y cruces automatizados, priorizando “factureras”, subvaluación y comercio exterior. Se reporta enfoque en aduanas (27,1% de ingresos tributarios) y nuevas facultades/visitas rápidas, elevando riesgos de bloqueo operativo, devoluciones y multas.
OPEC+ Policy Ensures Oil Market Stability
Saudi Arabia, as a leading OPEC+ member, is maintaining oil output levels through March 2026 amid rising prices and geopolitical tensions. This policy supports market stability but also signals caution, impacting global energy supply chains and price forecasting for international businesses.
Trade controls and anti-circumvention squeeze
Sanctions are broadening beyond energy to metals, chemicals, critical minerals (over €570m cited), plus export bans on dual-use goods and services. New anti-circumvention tools may restrict exports to high‑risk transshipment hubs, tightening supply of machinery, radios, and industrial inputs to Russia-linked supply chains.
Air defence shortages constrain continuity
Interceptor shortages—especially PAC-3 for Patriot—reduce protection of cities, ports and factories, increasing business interruption and asset-damage risk. Ukraine reports near-empty launchers at times; partners are scrambling to deliver missiles from stockpiles. Insurance, project timelines and onsite staffing remain volatile.
US–Taiwan tariff deal reshapes trade
A pending reciprocal tariff arrangement would reduce US tariffs on many Taiwanese goods (reported 20% to 15%) and grant semiconductors MFN treatment under Section 232. In exchange, large Taiwan investment pledges could shift sourcing and pricing dynamics for exporters.
Incertitude politique sur l’énergie
La PPE3 est politiquement inflammable: critiques RN/LR sur coûts et renouvelables, publication par décret, objectifs révisables dès l’an prochain. Pour les entreprises: risque de changements de règles d’appels d’offres, volatilité de subventions, planification CAPEX complexe.
LNG export surge and permitting
DOE/FERC are accelerating LNG export permitting and returning applications to “regular order,” driving new capacity filings (e.g., Corpus Christi expansion) and long-term 15–20 year contracts. Benefits include energy supply diversification; risks include oversupply and price volatility by 2030.
AI memory-chip supercycle expansion
SK hynix’s record profits and 61% HBM share are driving aggressive capacity and U.S. expansion, including a planned $10bn AI solutions entity plus new packaging and fabs. AI-driven tight memory supply raises input costs but boosts Korea’s tech-led exports.
Infraestrutura portuária e concessões
Portos movimentaram recorde de 1,4 bilhão de toneladas em 2025 (+6,1%), com contêineres +7,2%. Leilões e autorizações somaram investimentos bilionários. Para comércio exterior, melhora capacidade e reduz gargalos, mas exige gestão de tarifas, regulação e SLAs logísticos.
Food import inspections disrupt logistics
New food-safety inspection rules (Decree 46) triggered major port and border congestion: 700+ consignments (~300,000 tonnes) stalled in late January and 1,800+ containers stuck at Cat Lai. Compliance uncertainty raises lead times, storage costs and inflation risks.
Photonics and optics capacity
Finland’s optics and photonics base—supporting high-end XR headsets and sensing—attracts scale-up capital, including semiconductor-laser manufacturing expansion. This improves component availability for simulation devices, yet exposes firms to specialized materials dependencies and export-sensitive dual-use scrutiny.
EV and Battery Ecosystem Expansion
Indonesia is rapidly developing an integrated EV and battery ecosystem, attracting major foreign investment. Over $7 billion is being invested in battery supply chains, with EV-related investment reaching 15.5% of total FDI, positioning Indonesia as a regional hub.
Supply Chain Integration and Infrastructure Push
India’s infrastructure development, including new metro lines and expressways, and focus on logistics efficiency are unlocking new industrial and residential hubs. These efforts are critical for deeper supply chain integration and attracting multinational investment in manufacturing and services.
AI Basic Act compliance duties
South Korea’s AI Basic Act introduces requirements for transparency and labeling of AI-generated content, plus human oversight for high-impact uses in health, transport and finance. Foreign providers with large user bases may need local presence, raising compliance and operating overhead.
Palm waste export restrictions
President Prabowo announced a ban on exporting used cooking oil and palm waste to prioritize domestic aviation fuel and biofuel ambitions. The move may tighten regional feedstock availability, disrupt traders’ supply contracts, and increase regulatory risk in Indonesia’s palm-based derivative exports.
Digital restrictions and cyber risk
Internet shutdowns and heightened cyber activity undermine payments, communications, and remote operations. For foreign firms, this increases business-continuity costs, data-security risks, and vendor performance uncertainty, particularly in e-commerce, logistics coordination, and financial services interfaces.
PPP privatization pipeline expansion
A new National Privatization Strategy targets 220+ PPP contracts by 2030 and over $64bn (SAR240bn) private capex across transport, water, health, education and airports. This expands investable infrastructure, but requires tight bid compliance, local partners, and long-term risk pricing.
Regional war and security risk
Gaza conflict and spillovers (Lebanon, Iran proxies) keep Israel’s risk premium elevated, raising insurance, freight, and business-continuity costs. Mobilization and security alerts disrupt staffing and site access, while renewed escalation could rapidly impair ports, aviation, and cross-border trade.
USMCA review and regional risk
The coming USMCA review is a material downside risk for North American supply chains, with potential counter-tariffs and compliance changes. Canada’s central bank flags U.S.-driven policy volatility; businesses may defer capex, adjust sourcing, and build contingency inventory across the region.